Abstract
The landuse change from paddy field to non-rice field in Java is increasing every year and this has an impact on the decreasing of national food security. Likewise the occurrence of land conversion of around 2,000 ha for the construction of Jatigede reservoir in Sumedang Regency, West Java Province has an impact on the decrease of rice production about 24 thousand tons of GKG (assuming rice productivity 6 ton/ha). The development of new sustainable rice fields is one of the solutions to improve food security and sustainability in the future both in Sumedang and Indonesia. The objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze the availability and suitability of land for the development of new paddy fields; 2) to analyze environmental feasibility and cost (environmental cost) in new rice field development activities; 3) analyze farmer institutional support in new rice field development activities; 4) to formulate the direction of new rice field development plan; and 5) to formulate a new rice field development strategy in Jatigede sub-district. The results are expected to be input for future planning for the development of new rice fields in Jatigede Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency. The study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The type of data used consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from direct surveys to the field by conducting ground checks or through interviews. The results showed that the potential land available for the development of new paddy fields in Jatigede sub-district was 3,419 ha and from the potential land area will be developed into new paddy fields of 346 ha (4.18%) spread over 4 (four) villages, ie Cipicung 54 ha, Ciranggem Village covering 94 ha, Cisampih Village covering 107 ha and Karedok Village area of 91 ha. The result of feasibility test on new paddy field development activity in Jatigede subdistrict shows Net Present Value (NPV) is Rp. 92,893,000,000 and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) 3.32. Development strategies are: Respectively development strategies comprise (1) Optimize government financing assistance to accelerate the implementation of new paddy field target, (2) Together with the head of the farmer group association assist the paddy field construction process, (3) Conduct a survey of water resources and other supporting infrastructure around paddy field area, (4) Ensuring the new paddy field is not overlapping with other area, (5) Socialize the long-term benefits of the development of new paddy field by getting subsidy for three year since the first year development. (6) Encourage local governments to established immediately as LP2B areas and included in the RTRW of Jatigede District.
Highlights
Pembangunan waduk Jatigede merupakan salah satu implementasi dari program pembangunan 65 waduk di Indonesia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengairan irigasi lahan pertanian seluas 90 ribu hektar, penyedia sumber air baku dengan kecepatan aliran 3.5 m3 per detik, pembangkit tenaga listrik dan budidaya perikanan
Hasil analisis dari beberapa karakteristik pendukung, antara lain ketersediaan sumber air dilokasi, existing landuse dan minat pengembangan usaha tani maka ditentukan rencana pengembangan sawah baru di Kecamatan Jatigede seluas 346 ha (4.18%) tersebar di
Rencana pengembangan sawah di Kecamatan Jatigede seluas 346 ha (4.18%) tersebar di 4 Desa yaitu Desa Cipicung seluas 54 ha, Desa Ciranggem seluas 94 ha, Desa Cisampih seluas 107 ha dan Desa Karedok seluas 91 ha
Summary
Pembangunan waduk Jatigede merupakan salah satu implementasi dari program pembangunan 65 waduk di Indonesia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengairan irigasi lahan pertanian seluas 90 ribu hektar, penyedia sumber air baku dengan kecepatan aliran 3.5 m3 per detik, pembangkit tenaga listrik dan budidaya perikanan. Pembangunan waduk Jatigede juga berdampak negatif terhadap penurunan produksi padi dan hilangnya lahan sawah yang berada disekitar waduk karena tergenang. Pemerintah Kabupaten Sumedang sedang berupaya mencari lahan yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan sawah ditengah ancaman serius konversi lahan sawah dan infrastruktur pertanian yang tidak memadai sehingga target produksi padi tidak terganggu. Hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan sawah baru adalah berkaitan dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Menurut Munasinghe (1993) dalam Suyana (2012), pembangunan berkelanjutan memiliki tiga tujuan utama yang saling terkait dan tidak dapat dipisahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain, yaitu: tujuan sosial (social objective), tujuan ekonomi (economic objective), dan tujuan ekologi (ecological objective). Sangat penting dalam merencanakan penggunaan lahan harus disertakan komponen biaya lingkungan (environmental cost) sebagai bentuk antisipasi dan pencegahan terhadap efek lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan pengembangan sawah. Hasil penelitian diharapkan menjadi input bagi perencanaan kedepan untuk pengembangan sawah baru di Kecamatan Jatigede, Kabupaten Sumedang
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