ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK VARIETAS JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) HIBRIDA MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RAPD (RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA)

Abstract

Analysis of genetic diversity is essential in developing hybrid maize (Zea mays L) varieties. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of six maize varieties using the PCR-RAPD (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. Hybrid maize varieties used in this study were Srikandi, Arumba, Mira, Magenta, and Simba. A local maize variety originating from Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province was used as a comparison. Seeds were planted for the observation of morphological characteristics such as roots, leaves, and stems, as well as DNA extraction samples. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method and PCR-RAPD was performed using 3 primers. The size of the PCR product was determined using semilog paper. Genetic diversity between varieties were analyzed using the MVSP (Multi-Variate Statistical Package) program with the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method. The results of PCR-RAPD gave 28 DNA bands with sizes ranging from 310 bp to 1550 bp and produced 23 polymorphic bands. Based on the dendrogram resulting from PCR-RAPD data, there was one cluster consisting of Rote, Srikandi, Arumba, Mira, and Magenta varieties, as well as another cluster consisting of only the Simba variety. The local variety of Rote and the hybrid variety of Srikandi have the closest genetic distance, while the Simba variety has the farthest genetic distance from the other five varieties.