Analisis Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Famili Euphorbiaceae di Kota Salatiga berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi serta Sifat Kimia

Abstract

Euphorbiaceae is the most diverse angiosperm plant with one of the largest number of species widely used in various industries. Exploration and inventory of the Euphorbiaceae family has not been maximized, including in Salatiga City. Its great potential requires an initial step, namely plant breeding, but knowledge of its phenetic relationships is needed so that plant breeding produces superior individuals. In addition to morphological characters, chemical properties such as milk clotting activity are important in understanding the phenetic relationships. This study aims to analyze the phenetic relationships of Euphorbiaceae members in Salatiga City based on their morphological and chemical characteristics as well as from the milk clotting activity. Twenty five individual members of the Euphorbiaceae were analyzed for their morphological and chemical characteristics, and 30 characters were obtained. The results of the study using Cluster Analysis method showed that 25 individuals formed cluster A which was divided into 2 parts (clusters C and D) and cluster B formed cluster G (consists of individuals of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Bl.). The closest phenetic relationships between Jatropha multifida Sidomukti C09 and Jatropha multifida Sidorejo C18 with a dissimilarity index of 0.03% or the equation 99.97%. The most distant phenetic relationships in Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Bl. Sidorejo C11 and Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Bl. Sidomukti C03 with a dissimilarity index of 19.13% or the equivalent percentage of 80.87%. The genus Euphorbia formed cluster F. The genus Manihot and Jatropha formed cluster C, the genus Codiaeum formed clusters E and B. All individuals, except Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Bl. Sidorejo C11, can coagulate milk so that it has potential as a protease enzyme in various industries. The highest protease enzyme activity value was in Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Bl. Sidorejo C11 (15.84 U/mg) and the lowest was in Euphorbia tirucalli Sidomukti C07 (2.34 U/mg).