Abstract
COVID – 19 is an unprecedented occasion that forces every state to adapt to the current changes in the dynamics of international relations. The impacts that are given by the Pandemic are not only on the health aspects, but also give the spillover effects to some aspects, such as economy and social, as the result of the closed-border policy and the restrictions policy on trading. By that means, the holistic and comprehensive approaches are needed to tackle the pandemic. Furthermore, Global Health Diplomacy is considered as one of the instruments or means to tackle the impacts of it. Notwithstanding, there are some states which implement the Me First Policy, especially at the beginning of the Pandemic. This paper examines Indonesia Foreign Policy through Global Health Diplomacy during COVID – 19 and to analyses the characteristics of the policy, either cooperative or competitive. This paper uses the concept of Global Health Diplomacy by Kickbusch and Told on 21st Century Health Diplomacy: A New Relationship between Foreign Policy and Health, Global Health Diplomacy: The Need for New Perspectives, Strategic Approaches and Skills in Global Health, by Kickbusch, Ilona; Silberschmidt, Gaudenz; Buss, Paulo and the concept of Global Health Diplomacy by Khazatzadeh-Mahani, A., Ruckert, A., & LabontÉ, R Through its Global Health Diplomacy, Indonesia is aiming to implement the policy which are based on the solidarity and cooperativeness.
Highlights
Global Health Diplomacy can be used as an instrument that can be applied by every country
Objective: This paper aims to analyze the direction of Indonesia's policy through Global Health Diplomacy during the COVID-19 period and to analyze whether the policy is cooperative or competitive
The results found that Indonesia's role in the implementation of global health diplomacy was to become the leader of the global health program, assist the state and ensure the public good to create health resilience in the community
Summary
Melalui karakteristik yang telah disampaikan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Global Health Diplomacy pada dasarnya membutuhkan kerjasama dari berbagai pihak dengan pendekatan inovatif untuk dapat menjawab tantangan yang diberikan oleh isu kesehatan. Selanjutnya, keberadaan konsep soft power dalam praktik Global Health Diplomacy terletak dalam instrumen yang digunakan dalam diplomasi tersebut, yaitu recommendations / resolutions (yang dianggap sebagai instrumen ‘soft‘, hal tersebut terjadi karena rekomendasi dan resolusi yang diberikan tidak mengikat negara anggota); international agreements and conventions (berbeda dengan rekomendasi dan resolusi, perjanjian internasional bersifat lebih mengikat dan dianggap sebagai ‘hard law‘); regulations (regulasi bersifat lebih mengikat dan dianggap sebagai ‘hard obligations‘). Proses negosiasi dari Global Health Diplomacy lebih menekankan persamaan nilai dan tujuan, walau pada akhirnya interpretasi dan implementasi dari masing – masing negara akan berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya.
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