Abstract
Aim: To evaluate pain relief, anti-inflammatory and hypouricemic effects of GT1 tablets on experimental animals.
 Method: GT1 at the doses of 22.32 g/kg/day and 66.96 g/kg/day were evaluated for its analgesic effect in three models (hot plate, pain threshold, and acetic acid-induced writhing), its chronic anti-inflammatory effect in the granulomatous reaction model, and its hypouricemic effect in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Acute anti-inflammatory effects of GT1 at the doses of 11.16 g/kg/day and 33.48 g/kg/day were evaluated in rats with two models: carrageenin-induced paw edema and peritonitis.
 Results: GT1 prolonged the temperature reaction time on the hot plate (22.73 s and 20.37 s at both doses of 22.32 g/kg and 66.96 g/kg, respectively, compared to 16.96 s in control group), reduced the number of acid acetic-induced writhing effects, decreased the weight of granulomas, and decreased the level of acid uric in blood and urine (p < 0.05). GT1 caused a significant reduction in paw edema after subplantar injection of carrageenan in rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a substantial decline of GT1 at the dose of 11.16 g/kg/day in terms of the volume and the quantity of protein in the inflammation fluid of the peritonitis model (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: GT1 at both doses of 11.16 g/kg/day and 33.48 g/kg/day posed acute anti-inflammatory effects on rats. GT1 at both doses of 22.32 g/kg/day and 66.96 g/kg/day exerted analgesic, chronic anti-inflammatory and hypouricemic effects on mice.
Highlights
Gout, a consequence of precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in a joint space, is a common chronic condition that mainly causes painful joint inflammation in the first metatarsophalangeal joint [1,2]
GT1 film-coated tablets are prepared from natural materials, including Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC, Phellodendron chinense (Schneid), Achyranthes bidentata (Blume), Lonicera japonica (Thunb.), Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Bunge), Talcum, Milletia reticulata (Benth), Paeonia lactiflora (Pall), Plantago asiatica L, Coix lachryma-jobi L., Dioscorea tokoro (Mahino), and Clematis simensis (Osheck)
GT1 at the dose of 33.48 g/kg significantly decreased the degree of pedal edema at 6 h after the injection of carrageenan (15.61% reduction compared to Group 1)
Summary
A consequence of precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in a joint space, is a common chronic condition that mainly causes painful joint inflammation in the first metatarsophalangeal joint [1,2]. Treatments for gout have been well-investigated, and include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. These medications are related to adverse effects 5. Traditional herbal medicine was found to have similar efficacy in gout treatment compared to Western medications, with respect to serum uric acid, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and overall clinical response 8. Traditional medicine was more advantageous, compared to Western medicine, regarding adverse drug reaction control 8. The prevalence of gout in Vietnam is about 0.14% of the general population and is projected to increase significantly due to the rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes [4,9]. In order to combine modern medicine with traditional medicine, GT1 remedy was developed for gout treatment. We aimed to validate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities and hypouricemic effects of GT1 on animal models
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