Abstract
Kleinia pendula (Forssk.) DC. is a prostrate or pendent dark green succulent herb found in the southwestern mountain regions of Saudi Arabia. The literature survey of the plant reveals a lack of phytochemical and pharmacological studies, although traditional uses have been noted. The objective of the present work was to assess the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as, the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the fractions of Kleinia pendula, and correlate these activities to the plant metabolites. The methanolic extract of Kleinia pendula was subjected to fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol, and water. The fractions were screened for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cell lines. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions of Kleinia pendula showed significant cytotoxic activity against all three cancer cell lines tested. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The metabolites in these three active fractions were determined using UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. Thus, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant were attributed to its phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, protocatechuic, and chlorogenic acids). While fatty acids and triterpenoids such as (tormentic acid) in the hexane fraction are responsible for the cytotoxic activity; thus, these fractions of Kleinia pendula may be a novel source for the development of new plant-based analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drugs.
Highlights
Natural products derived from plants and animals have been the source of virtually all medicinal preparations
48 h, h,such suchas asmortality, mortality, closely observed observed for for the the first first 33 h h diarrhea, respiratory problems, Straub tail, piloerection, convulsions were carefully examined in diarrhea, respiratory problems, Straub tail, piloerection, convulsions were carefully examined in each each animal
This study demonstrates the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the solvent fractionsRetention of Kleinia pendula for the first time
Summary
Natural products derived from plants and animals have been the source of virtually all medicinal preparations. Natural products or direct derivatives of natural products have contributed to 49% of cancer medications approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1981. Molecules 2020, 25, 418 contributed to 49% of cancer medications approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Natural product collections exhibit certainexhibit advantages their synthetic counterparts. Natural product collections certainover advantages over their synthetic. They exhibit a high degree of stereochemistry and a wide range of pharmacophores.
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