Abstract
BackgroundPain and inflammation are associatory events in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and other chronic diseases. Corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert potential side effects on long term use. This study was aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of leaf and bark extracts of Albizia procera in experimental animal models.MethodsEthyl acetate, ethanol, and hydroalcoholic extracts of Albizia procera (leaf and bark) were subjected for acute oral toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic screening. Carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma models were used to assess acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Intraplanar formalin test was used to assess the analgesic activity.ResultsAll the extracts of Albizia procera were found to be well-tolerated up to 2000 mg/kg in female rats. Ethanolic leaf (ETLE) and bark (ETBE) of Albizia procera showed anti-inflammatory actions. But, only ETBE produced significant protection in chronic inflammation and analgesic activity.ConclusionIn summary, Albizia procera possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study adds evidence on the traditional use of Albizia procera plant for treating painful inflammatory disorders.
Highlights
Pain and inflammation are associatory events in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and other chronic diseases
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) survey, majority of people (> 80%) in developing countries depend on traditional medicines for all primary health issues [2]
The leaves and bark of Albizia procera were freed from earthy matters, sized in to small pieces and separately subjected to successive cold maceration extraction using ethyl acetate, ethanol, and hydro-alcohol (50:50 ratio) i.e., ethyl acetate bark extract (EABE; yield: 1.76%), ethyl acetate leaf extract (EALE; yield: 2.12), ethanolic bark extract (ETBE; yield: 4.5%), ethanolic leaf extract (ETLE; yield: 3.39%), hydro-alcoholic bark extract (HABE; yield: 9.50%), and hydro-alcoholic leaf extract (HALE; yield:6.20%)
Summary
Pain and inflammation are associatory events in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and other chronic diseases. Corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert potential side effects on long term use. The safety and efficacy of medicinal plants in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases are indisputable [1]. The major advantages of herbal medicines are safety and efficacy with no or less adverse effects, even on long term use [3]. Herbal medicines take a longer time to produce appreciable therapeutic effects. This mandates long term studies to provide scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy. The toxicity information of medicinal plants is mandatory before the efficacy investigation of medicinal plants which were indicated for potential therapeutic benefits in traditional practice [4, 5]. The primary aim of the toxicological evaluation is to determine the safety, and human usability of plant and to provide hints on the safer therapeutic dose [6]
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