Abstract
In this present study, the analgesic activity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Dichrostachy cinerea was investigated in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate test, while the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats using the carrageenan and dextran- induced paw edema. The extract (400, 800mg/kg) exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of abdominal writhing in mice compared to control. The effects of the extract were not significantly different from that of aspirin. The extract (800mg/kg) caused a significant (p<0.01) increase in pain threshold, at 60th minute post treatment in the hot plate test and the effects of the extract were lower than that of morphine (4mg/kg). The extract (800mg/kg) and indomethacin (10mg/kg) at 1 st hour and 2 nd - 4 th hour produced inhibitions of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema versus control. The results also showed that the extract (800mg/kg) produced inhibition of dextran- induced paw edema between 2 nd hour and 4 th hour compared to control. Overall, our data suggest that the extract possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which may be mediated solely by peripheral mechanisms. Keywbords: Dichrostachys Cinerea ; analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hot plate, dextran, carragenan, edema, pain
Highlights
It is common knowledge that humans have relied on herbs and other natural products for the cure and management of various ailments over the years and the use of extracts from plant materials as relief for pain and inflammation dates as far back as 30 AD (Vane and Botting, 1987)
D. cinerea is one medicinal plant that has been used in folkloric medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of syphilis, body pains and toothaches
Acetic acid induced mouse writhing test is useful for the evaluation of mild analgesic non-steroidal antiinflammatory compounds for peripheral antinociceptive or analgesic activity (Berkenkopf et al, 1988)
Summary
Drugs and chemicals: Carragenan, indomethacin, morphine, acetic acid and acetylsalicylic acid were all obtained from Sigma chemical Co. One hour and thirty minutes after treatment with the extract, normal saline and morphine respectively, the response to nociceptive stimulus was measured with the hot plate analgesiometer (Ugo Basile, Italy) with the temperature maintained at 55 ± 1°C (Woolfe and Macdonald, 1944). Edema was induced in the rats by injection of freshly prepared carrageenan (0.1ml, 1%w/v in normal saline) into the plantar aponeurosis of the right hind paw of each rat (Winter et al, 1962). Edema was induced in the rats by injection of freshly prepared dextran (0.1ml, 1.5%w/v in normal saline) into the plantar aponeurosis of the right hind paw of each rat (Glauce et al, 1998).
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