Abstract
Pain, a common symptom in clinics, is a serious impediment to quality of life. The analgesic drugs presently in use have poor efficacy, and are associated with undesirable side effects. Rubimaillin (Rub) is a naphthoquinone compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, and it has various biological activities. In this study, the analgesic effect of Rub, and its mechanism of action were investigated using glacial acetic acid-induced mice writhing model and a mice model of neurogenic and inflammatory bipolar pain. Analgesic effects were measured in different experimental groups. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the release of nitric oxide (NO), iNOS and COX-2 protein in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed that Rub reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, inhibited formalin-induced biphasic pain response, and suppressed the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells. The mechanisms involved in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of rub may be related to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), endogenous inflammatory mediators, and reduction in the content of pain-induced mediators.
Highlights
Pain is a prevalent medical problem that confronts human populations worldwide [1]
RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the release of nitric oxide (NO), iNOS and COX-2 protein in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
The aim of research on analgesic efficacy is to evaluate the effects of drugs on pain response of experimental animals by applying pain stimulation to the experimental animals, and evaluating the efficacy of the drugs
Summary
Pain is a prevalent medical problem that confronts human populations worldwide [1]. very little is known on the mechanisms involved in pain. Very little research has been done on the related molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic properties of these substances. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of some natural drugs have been recognized [4]. The search for analgesic and anti-inflammatory active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine has become a subject of intensive research. Madder is the dry root and rhizome of Rubia cordifolia L. which is distributed in most parts of China. Madder has been used as a natural dye, food coloring agent and medicinal plant [5]. It has arrests bleeding and promotes blood circulation, and it has analgesic effects [6]. This study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic effect of Rub in vitro and in vivo, and to determine its mechanism of action, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of valerian
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