Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a severe disease of childhood characterized manifested by arthritis, fever, rash, generalized lymph node swelling, hepatosplenomegaly and serositis. Antirheumatic drugs show only limited effects, although they are effective for other forms of JIA. The proinflammatoric cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of SJIA. Therefore, it seemed reasonable to use the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra in treatment of SJIA. International experiences up to now including our own results confirm a sometimes amazing efficacy of Anakinra in SJIA. An important requirement for reliable results, however, concerns the selection of patients eligible for the treatment. Controlled studies are still missing.
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