Anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation and biocorrosion of carbon steel in marine environments: The impact of different ultra low sulfur diesels and bioaugmentation

Abstract

The anaerobic biodegradation of ultra low sulfur diesels (ULSDs) by marine microbial communities was examined, along with the relationship of this metabolism to carbon steel biocorrosion. Fuel analysis revealed that the ULSDs differed based on the ratio of low to high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) n-alkanes. Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens, a sulfate-reducing bacterium capable of degrading LMW n-alkanes, was used as a positive control and to explore the impact of bioaugmentation. Metagenomic analysis was conducted to determine the genetic potential for anaerobic biodegradation of a range of hydrocarbons. Initial sulfate reduction rates were faster in incubations amended with ULSDs containing a higher ratio of LMW/HMW n-alkanes, but total sulfate loss was similar for all fuels. Sulfate removal in bioaugmented incubations exceeded stoichiometric expectations calculated for the mineralization of all paraffins. In combination with metagenomic analysis, these data confirmed that other microorganisms utilized hydrocarbons beyond the range exhibited by D. alkanexedens. A positive correlation between coupon weight loss and sulfate loss was observed, and pitting corrosion was more extensive in non-sterile incubations compared to sterile controls. This study demonstrates that while ULSDs vary in their susceptibility to early stage biodegradation, compositional differences were less important for overall fuel deterioration and steel biocorrosion patterns. Further, bioaugmentation stimulated other hydrocarbonclastic marine microorganisms.