Abstract
AbstractUrbanization and industrialization have led to increase of per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, and the generated waste is treated by landfilling and open dumping or incineration and bioconversion. Landfilling or open dumping is considered to be cost-effective compared to the other treatment methods. Moisture content in MSW and rainfall generates a hazardous liquid waste termed landfill leachate. It is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids, ideal substrate characteristics for the anaerobic digestion process. However, refractory and labile organics in the landfill leachate defies biodegradation, especially during anaerobic digestion. At the same time, high ammoniacal nitrogen and heavy metal content inhibit various pathways involved in anaerobic digestion. However, anaerobic co-digestion of landfill leachate with other co-substrates will enhance its biodegradation. Hence, this chapter focuses on landfill leachate composition and characteristics, recalcitrance mechanisms induced by various organic and inorganic toxic materials, and the anaerobic co-digestibility of landfill leachate with other organic feedstocks.KeywordsLandfill leachateRefractory organicsAmmoniacal nitrogenHeavy metalsAnaerobic co-digestion
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