Abstract
BackgroundHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent by nature and are originally isolated from bone marrow. In light of a future application of hMSCs in the oral cavity, a body compartment with varying oxygen partial pressures and an omnipresence of different bacterial species i.e. periodontitis pathogens, we performed this study to gain information about the behavior of hMSC in an anaerobic system and the response in interaction with oral bacterial pathogens.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe established a model system with oral pathogenic bacterial species and eukaryotic cells cultured in anaerobic conditions. The facultative anaerobe bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were studied. Their effects on hMSCs and primary as well as permanent gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22, HGPEC) were comparatively analyzed. We show that hMSCs cope with anoxic conditions, since 40% vital cells remain after 72 h of anaerobic culture. The Ca9-22 and HGPEC cells are significantly more sensitive to lack of oxygen. All bacterial species reveal a comparatively low adherence to and internalization into hMSCs (0.2% and 0.01% of the initial inoculum, respectively). In comparison, the Ca9-22 and HGPEC cells present better targets for bacterial adherence and internalization. The production of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 is higher in both gingival epithelial cell lines compared to hMSCs and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce a time-dependent cytokine secretion in both cell lines. Porphyromonas gingivalis is less effective in stimulating secretion of IL-8 in the co-cultivation experiments.Conclusions/significanceHMSCs are suitable for use in anoxic regions of the oral cavity. The interaction with local pathogenic bacteria does not result in massive pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. The test system established in this study allowed further investigation of parameters prior to set up of oral hMSC in vivo studies.
Highlights
Human mesenchymal stem cells have a multipotent phenotype
In a mouse model Mei and collaborators demonstrated that Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) improve the survival of sepsis by reducing inflammation (IL-10, IL-6) and enhancing the bacterial clearance [13]
Growth of Bacteria in the Cell Culture Medium we studied the growth behavior of the oral pathogenic bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in cell culture medium
Summary
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have a multipotent phenotype They are defined by their capacity to attach to plastic culture surfaces, express specific surface markers and their differentiation program. The concentration of oxygen can vary from 1–7% in bone marrow and 10–15% in adipogenic tissue [6,7] In many of those adult tissue environments hypoxic conditions could be an essential element of the hMSC life cycle. In vitro studies revealed increased expression of osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation markers under hypoxic conditions [8,9] Another characteristic of hMSCs is the ability to repair and process the tissue by secreting a large number of angiogenic growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines [10]. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent by nature and are originally isolated from bone marrow. In light of a future application of hMSCs in the oral cavity, a body compartment with varying oxygen partial pressures and an omnipresence of different bacterial species i.e. periodontitis pathogens, we performed this study to gain information about the behavior of hMSC in an anaerobic system and the response in interaction with oral bacterial pathogens
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
