Abstract
BackgroundAnaemia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the associations between anaemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between anaemia and CSF AD biomarkers.MethodsParticipants were included from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study. The associations of anaemia and its severity with CSF AD biomarkers including β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were analysed by multiple linear regression models. Adjusted for age, gender, educational levels, APOE ε4 alleles, comorbidities (history of coronary heart disease, history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia) and glomerular filtration rate.ResultsA total of 646 cognitively normal older adults, consisting of 117 anaemia patients and 529 non-anaemia individuals, were included in this study. Anaemia patients had lower levels of CSF Aβ42 than individuals without anaemia (p = 0.035). Besides, participants with more severe anaemia had lower CSF Aβ42 levels (p = 0.045). No significant association of anaemia with CSF t-tau and p-tau levels was found.ConclusionCross-sectionally, anaemia was associated with lower CSF Aβ42 levels. These findings consolidated the causal close relationship between anaemia and AD.
Highlights
Anaemia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the associations between anaemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are still unknown
Just as defined by CSF biomarkers, the purpose of our study was to determine whether there is an association between anemia and AD in a population of cognitively normal individuals, which will help us explore whether the association arises at a pre-clinical stage
We aimed to investigate the associations between anaemia and CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in a sample of 646 cognitively intact individuals from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study
Summary
Anaemia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the associations between anaemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are still unknown. The formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles is the typical pathological characteristic of AD, which can be reflected by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers including reduction of β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), and increased total tau (t-tau) [5]. These changes may start several years before a diagnosis of dementia can be made [6]. Previous studies of association between anemia and AD are that they may have relied on clinical definitions of AD, but clinical definitions are not as consistent with AD neuropathology as like CSF AD biomarkers These biomarkers detected in the body predate clinical symptoms by many years, or even decades [8]. Just as defined by CSF biomarkers, the purpose of our study was to determine whether there is an association between anemia and AD in a population of cognitively normal individuals, which will help us explore whether the association arises at a pre-clinical stage
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