Abstract
Amphipterygium adstringens (cuachalalate) contains anacardic acids (AAs) such as 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6SA) that show immunomodulatory and antitumor activity with minimal or no secondary adverse effects. By contrast, most chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin (CbPt), induce myelosuppression and leukopenia. Here, we investigated the myeloprotective and antineoplastic potential of an AA extract or the 6SA as monotherapy or in combination with commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU and CbPt) to determine the cytoprotective action of 6SA on immune cells. Treatment of Balb/c breast tumor-bearing female mice with an AA mixture or 6SA did not induce the myelosuppression or leukopenia observed with 5-FU and CbPt. The co-administration of AA mixture or isolated 6SA with 5-FU or CbPt reduced the apoptosis of circulating blood cells and bone marrow cells. Treatment of 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice with the AA mixture or 6SA reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis and increased the survival rate compared with monotherapies. An increased effect was observed in tumor reduction with the combination of 6SA and CbPt. In conclusion, AAs have important myeloprotective and antineoplastic effects, and they can improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics, thereby protecting the organism against the toxic effects of drugs such as 5-FU and CbPt.
Highlights
The hexane extract was separated by column chromatography (CC) of and thin-layer
The hexane extract was separated by column chromatography (CC) and thin-layer salicylic acid (28–29%), 6-nonadecyl salicylic acid (7.5–8.5%), and monounsaturated chromatography (TLC) (Figure 2A)
The present study demonstrated that anacardic acids can reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-FU and CbPt on bone marrow and leukocytes, as reflected at the hematological and systemic levels
Summary
Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin (CbPt), are commonly used to treat different types of cancer [2]; these drugs inevitably produce adverse side effects, such as myelosuppression and leukopenia [3]
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have