Abstract
BackgroundWe have determined the acute response of protein kinetics to one or two servings (6.3 g and 12.6 g) of a proprietary composition containing free-form essential amino acids (EAA) (3.2 g EAA per serving) and whey protein (2.4 g per serving), as well as the response to consumption of a popular whey-based protein supplement (Gatorade Recover) (17 g; 12.6 g protein).MethodsWhole-body rates of protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance (taken to be the anabolic response) were determined using primed-constant infusions of 2H5-phenylalnine and 2H2-tyrosine. Muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was also determined with the 2H5-phenylalanine tracer.ResultsPlasma EAA levels increased following consumption of all beverages, with the greatest response in the high-dose EAA/protein composition. Similarly, the increase in net balance between whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown was greatest following consumption of the high-dose EAA/protein composition, while the low-dose EAA/protein composition and Gatorade Recover induced similar increases in net balance. When the net balance response was normalized for the total amount of product given, the high- and low-dose EAA/protein beverages were approximately 6- and 3-fold more anabolic than the Gatorade Recover, respectively. The greater anabolic response to the EAA/protein composition was due to greater increases in whole-body protein synthesis with both doses, and a markedly greater suppression of whole-body protein breakdown in the high-dose group. Muscle protein FSR after beverage consumption reflected changes in whole-body protein synthesis, with the larger EAA/protein dose significantly increasing FSR.ConclusionWe conclude that a composition of a balanced EAA formulation combined with whey protein is highly anabolic as compared to a whey protein-based recovery product, and that the response is dose-dependent.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03502941. This trial was registered on April 19, 2018.
Highlights
We have determined the acute response of protein kinetics to one or two servings (6.3 g and 12.6 g) of a proprietary composition containing free-form essential amino acids (EAA) (3.2 g EAA per serving) and whey protein (2.4 g per serving), as well as the response to consumption of a popular whey-based protein supplement (Gatorade Recover) (17 g; 12.6 g protein)
Plasma leucine increased to significantly higher values in both EAA/protein doses than Gatorade Recover, even though the amount of leucine (64 mg) ingested in the low-dose EAA/protein was less than the amount of leucine (108 mg) in the whey protein product (Fig. 2)
Whole body anabolic response All three treatments caused an increase in net whole body protein balance (NB) (Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Figure S1)
Summary
We have determined the acute response of protein kinetics to one or two servings (6.3 g and 12.6 g) of a proprietary composition containing free-form essential amino acids (EAA) (3.2 g EAA per serving) and whey protein (2.4 g per serving), as well as the response to consumption of a popular whey-based protein supplement (Gatorade Recover) (17 g; 12.6 g protein). Intact proteins are popular dietary supplements to increase lean body mass, or muscle mass, by stimulating protein synthesis. The response of muscle protein synthesis following ingestion of a composition of free EAA is more than twice the response to consumption of a comparable dosage (g/g) of whey protein isolate [5]. The protein synthetic response to consumption of an isolated intact dietary protein is sustained over a longer time than the response to free-form EAA because of the slower absorption of the component amino acids in dietary protein [7]. The concept of a nutritional composition that combines the beneficial effects of both free-form EAA and isolated dietary protein is appealing
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