Abstract

Free-electron lasers for hard X-rays can be constructed in the oscillator configuration by employing diamond crystals as X-ray mirrors. An X-ray FEL oscillator (XFELO) will produce highly stable X-ray beams of ultra-high spectral purity and high average brightness, offering scientific opportunities in areas not covered by high-gain devices. An XFELO combined with a high-gain amplifier, possibly with harmonic generation, would constitute an ultimate X-ray machine.

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