An Updated Review on Rat Genetics and Genomics: Understanding Complex Traits and Diseases

Abstract

The study of the genetics and genomics of rats is essential to understanding the intricate mechanisms behind characteristics and illnesses. Rats are used by scientists to investigate a wide range of biological processes, including how the brain develops, how the immune system responds, and what goes wrong in diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders. Rats and humans are similar in physiology and genetics. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the many advantages and applications of rat models in biomedical science, highlighting their significance in genetic and genomic research. Rat models are indispensable in research because of their many benefits. Numerous similarities between them and people make it simpler to research illnesses and test possible cures. Rats may be used to efficiently set up studies and obtain results rapidly because they breed quickly and have big litters. Furthermore, altering their DNA is not too difficult, which aids in the understanding of how genes affect complicated features and illnesses. Rat models have been essential in the past for achieving significant breakthroughs in biomedical research. They have contributed to medical advancements by helping to elucidate fundamental biological concepts and expanding our understanding of human illnesses. Researchers may go even farther into rat genetics with the use of cutting-edge technologies like single-cell sequencing and gene editing, which will disclose more about how genes function and impact health. Rat models are quite promising, but it's important to use them responsibly. Rats must be treated humanely and research must be conducted responsibly, thus researchers must abide by tight guidelines. Issues such as genetic background variations and environmental influences must be carefully taken into account to guarantee repeatability and accuracy of research findings. In conclusion, studies on the genetics and genomics of rats offer important new perspectives on intricate biological systems and hold enormous promise for advancing our knowledge of human health and illness. We can advance farther and improve society as a whole if we keep funding this area and use technology sensibly.