Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is widely present in microorganisms, plants, and vertebrates. So far, Gaba is well known as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its physiological roles are related to the modulation of synaptic transmission, the promotion of neuronal development and relaxation, and the prevention of sleeplessness and depression. Besides, various pharmaceutical properties of Gaba on non-neuronal peripheral tissues and organs were also reported due to anti-hypertension, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-allergy, hepato-protection, reno-protection, and intestinal protection. Therefore, Gaba may be considered as potential alternative therapeutics for prevention and treatment of various diseases. Accordingly, this updated review was mainly focused to describe the pharmaceutical properties of Gaba as well as emphasize its important role regarding human health.
Highlights
IntroductionGamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in nature
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in nature.Especially, Gaba is present in high concentrations in different brain regions [1]
Gaba-enriched fermented Laminaria japonica (GFL) was effective in increasing serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level that associated with lower risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in middle-aged women [27]
Summary
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in nature. Gaba is present in high concentrations in different brain regions [1]. Numerous studies have identified two distinct classes of Gaba receptor including GabaA and GabaB [4]. These receptors are different due to their pharmacological, electrophysiological, and biochemical properties. Gaba was reported as a protective agent of liver, kidney, and intestine against toxin-induced damages [10]. In this contribution, the pharmaceutical properties of Gaba on non-neuronal peripheral tissues and organs were mainly focused to emphasize its beneficial role in prevention and treatment of various diseases.
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