Abstract

Marine secondary metabolites are a promising source of unexploited drugs that have a wide structural diversity and have shown a variety of biological activities. These compounds are produced in response to the harsh and competitive conditions that occur in the marine environment. Invertebrates are considered to be among the groups with the richest biodiversity. To date, a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been established as antineoplastic drugs. This review gives an overview of MNPs, both in research or clinical stages, from diverse organisms that were reported as being active or potentially active in cancer treatment in the past seventeen years (from January 2000 until April 2017) and describes their putative mechanisms of action. The structural diversity of MNPs is also highlighted and compared with the small-molecule anticancer drugs in clinical use. In addition, this review examines the use of virtual screening for MNP-based drug discovery and reveals that classical approaches for the selection of drug candidates based on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) filtering may miss potential anticancer lead compounds. Finally, we introduce a novel and publically accessible chemical library of MNPs for virtual screening purposes.

Highlights

  • Cancer is defined as “a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells” and is one of the deadliest diseases globally

  • Some invertebrate phyla have only one to extreme and changing habitats, these organisms produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites species, others includein more than 85% In of addition all described animal of species consist of over a thatwhile cannot be produced other organisms

  • Brentuximab vedotin (Table 1) is an approved peptide derivative manufactured by chemical synthesis

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Summary

Introduction

Cancer is defined as “a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells” and is one of the deadliest diseases globally. This is the reason why marine organisms a promising of bioactive diversity of secondary metabolites affords marine organisms represent with a chance of survival insource unfavorable [30,31], and this diversity offers an abundant source drugs and that could be moleculesconditions [32] Efforts to exploit this biochemical biodiversity have only just of begun, it is estimated potential disease treatments. The purpose of this article is to review the research literature published since 2000 in the field of marine antitumor pharmacology and propose new in silico strategies to accelerate drug discovery In this sense, novel antitumor marine compounds from invertebrates grouped by their chemical structures, their putative mechanisms of action and their use in preclinical or clinical cancer studies are discussed. A new library of MNPs for in silico and analytical purposes is presented (http://docking.umh.es/chemlib/mnplib)

Chemical Classification of Marine Bioactive Compounds
Alkaloids
Polyketides
Terpenes
Peptides
MNP-Based Drugs that Are Approved or in Ongoing Clinical Trials
Growth Inhibitors and Anti-Tubulin Agents
Inductors of Apoptosis and Autophagy
Inhibitors of MAPKs
Limitations of Marine Invertebrates as Source for Anticancer Agents
Findings
Conclusions

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