An Updated Review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment aspects of COVID-19 Infection

Abstract

In the current era, COVID-19 has become the most familiar term in the whole world. It is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 which is a mutated congener of SARS COV and MERS COV. As per epidemiological studies, 83959 cases have been recorded only in China with 4637 deaths. More than 215 countries including Korea, Iran, Italy, Germany, Algeria, South Africa, Senegal, Nigeria etc have recorded over nine million deaths due to this pandemic. Diagnosis of COVID-19 can be carried out by several ways like identifying the increased level of lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, alanine and aspartate dehydrogenase in blood. IgG and IgM antibody detection is a key parameter in detection of SARS CoV-2. The real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or RT-qPCR test is so far considered the most reliable diagnostic method. Recently, two current approaches get widely used in diagnosis for SARS CoV-2 namely “FELUDA” and “SHERLOCK” offering a cheap and less time taking procedure for the detection of SARS CoV-2. In FELUDA a protein called FnCas9 and a guide RNA (g RNA) helps in recognizing the viral gene which is contained by the sample whereas SHERLOK is associated with Cas12 protein.