An update on synthesis, properties, applications and toxicity of the ILs

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been in utility since the beginning of the 1980s due to their vast range of features, uses, and environmentally acceptable nature. They have been presented as potential candidates for addressing global challenges such as pollution by serving as a pure, convenient, and environment friendly acceptable alternative to organic solvents. Along with that, ILs have a lot of unique thermal, physical, chemical, and biological properties that are the result of hydrogen bonding, coulomb force, and van der Waals interactions. However, depending on the application, the combination of cationic and anionic parts of ILs can be altered to modify these properties.ILs have been synthesised using a variety of methods. Apart from that application of ILs in different fields like protein stabilisation, organic transformation, Nanomaterials, medication delivery methods, and corrosion inhibition has also been discussed in this review. This is due to their classification as designer solvents, which allows for the modification of their physiochemical properties for specific applications. This led to increasing in research activity at the industrial and academic levels in a variety of fields since 1990. This review also focuses on the toxicity of various ILs in terms of various micro- and macro-organisms along with several computational methods for the confirmation of drug interaction studies. All these optimistic results indicate that ILs will have a significant impact on research and development.