Abstract
Gynanders are individuals with genetic anomalies that express characteristics of both sexes in the same individual. Gynandromorphism is very recurrent in solitary bees but with few records in social stingless bees. In this article, we describe a gynander for Melipona flavolineata, compile the literature records for the Meliponini tribe compared with them, and discuss the causes and implications of this anomaly. The described specimen shows mosaic gynandromorphism. Of the five cases already available in the literature, two referred to mosaic gynanders and two to bilateral gynanders. No transverse gynandromorphs in Meliponini have been recorded to date. With this study, there are now a total of five gynanders published in the literature for Meliponini, but there is no defined morphological pattern between the different reports. We suggest that polyploidy is the main factor responsible for the randomness in the expression of anomalous traits.
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