Abstract
Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common form of congenital malformations in the neck. Thyroglossal duct cyst presents characteristically as a midline cervical mass at the level of thyrohyoid membrane. Approximately 25% are located within 2 cm of midline. Carcinoma arising in thyroglossal duct cyst constitutes a very uncommon clinicopathological entity (about 1% of thyroglossal duct cyst) This is a report of an unusual location of thyroglossal duct cyst (supraclavicular region) associated with papillary carcinoma. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common cancer of the thyroid gland (about 90% of cases) and represents also the most frequently encountered carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONWhile Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are considered distinct entities, they represent a continuous spectrum of malignant transformation of B-cells
Cases of patients with nonHodgkin's lymphoma observed after therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma have been reported
Until prospective long term follow up data from welldesigned randomized trials comparing outcome of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with secondary DLBCL is available to guide therapeutic decision, we believe that patients like the one in our case report should be treated with multiagent chemotherapy regimens and enrolled in clinical trials when they fail established aggressive protocols
Summary
While Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are considered distinct entities, they represent a continuous spectrum of malignant transformation of B-cells. Www.ijcasereportsandimages.com within two years after initial disease and six months after receiving high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for her relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma She was subsequently treated with conventional combination chemo-immunotherapy (REPOCH) and responded with a near complete remission. Given poor response of transformed large cell lymphomas to conventional chemotherapy regimens, our patient opted to go on an investigational protocol as a result of which she received Pralatrexate (PDX, 10propargyl 10-deazaaminopterin), a novel anti-folate drug which has been approved for treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma She was found to have progression of disease at the end of two cycles and her regimen was changed to an anthracycline based standard immunochemotherapy combination: R-EPOCH (rituxan, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin) of which she has received four cycles so far followed by near complete resolution of her large B-cell lymphoma (Figure 1C). We are contemplating administration of a total of six cycles of R-EPOCH and possibility of reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation while in remission to consolidate the favorable response
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