Abstract
We introduce a novel paradigm to unobtrusively and optically measure blood pressure (BP) without calibration. The algorithm combines photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform analysis and biometrics to estimate BP, and was evaluated in subjects with various age, height, weight and BP levels (n = 1249). In the young population (<50 years old) with low, medium and high systolic blood pressures (SBP, <120 mmHg; 120–139 mmHg; ≥140 mmHg), the fitting errors are 6.3 ± 7.2, −3.9 ± 7.2 and −20.2 ± 14.2 mmHg for SBP respectively; In the older population (>50 years old) with the same categories, the fitting errors are 12.8 ± 9.0, 0.5 ± 8.2 and −14.6 ± 11.5 mmHg for SBP respectively. A simple personalized calibration reduces fitting errors significantly (n = 147), and good peripheral perfusion helps to improve the fitting accuracy. In conclusion, PPG may be used to calculate BP without calibration in certain populations. When calibrated, it shows great potential to serially monitor BP fluctuation, which can bring tremendous economic and health benefits.
Highlights
Many technical innovations have been developed to monitor blood pressure (BP) continuously and unobtrusively[2,3], and the most promising one is PPG
We found that in continuous monitoring, PPG-derived BP achieved an accuracy of 0.06 ± 7.08 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 0.01 ± 4.66 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with initial calibration[7]
A clear correlation was found between PPG-derived BP and the reference BP, as shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1
Summary
The goal of the present study is to cover subjects with diverse biometrics and develop a usable calibration-free algorithm. The purpose of this study is to collect as many data as possible to build a best-performing model, and evaluate its applicability
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