An Uncertainty Principle on Compact Manifolds

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Breitenberger’s uncertainty principle on the torus $$\mathbb {T}$$ and its higher-dimensional analogue on $$\mathbb {S}^{d-1}$$ are well understood. We describe an entire family of uncertainty principles on compact manifolds $$(M,g)$$ , which includes the classical Heisenberg–Weyl uncertainty principle (for $$M=B(0,1) \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$ the unit ball with the flat metric) and the Goh–Goodman uncertainty principle (for $$M=\mathbb {S}^{d-1}$$ with the canonical metric) as special cases. This raises a new geometric problem related to small-curvature low-distortion embeddings: given a function $$f:M \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$ , which uncertainty principle in our family yields the best result? We give a (far from optimal) answer for the torus, discuss disconnected manifolds and state a variety of other open problems.