Abstract
ObjectiveUltrasonic osteotomy devices (UODs) are reported to have many clinical benefits; for example, they cause little damage to adjacent tissues in oral surgery. However, the difference in the tissue repair process between rotary osteotomy devices (RODs) and UODs is still unclear. This study aimed to compare bone healing after osteotomy with UODs versus RODs in a rat calvarial defect model. MethodsCalvarial bone defects were made in male Wistar rats with a UOD on the right side and an ROD on the left side. Bone and morphological changes were quantitatively evaluated for 4 weeks by micro-CT, light microscopy and electron microscopy. Furthermore, after calvarial bone osteotomy, osteoblastic cells were collected from the bone chips and cultured for 2 weeks, and their proliferation and differentiation activities were analysed. ResultsScanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that UOD cuts had smoother surfaces than ROD cuts. In HE-stained sections and micro-CT images, the bone wound gap was closed earlier on the UOD side than on the ROD side. Bone thickness, the quantity of newly formed bone, and the number of osteocytes were greater on the UOD side than on the ROD side. Cultured osteoblast-like cells harvested from bone chips cut by the UOD had greater proliferative activity than those harvested from ROD-cut bone chips. ConclusionsThe use of a UOD may assist bone regeneration, presumably because osteoblasts differentiated from mesenchymal cells are activated by ultrasonic microvibration and because UODs cause less damage to the bone than conventional RODs.
Highlights
Several bone modulation technologies have been developed recently, such as electric, ultrasonic, and laser devices
After 2 weeks, at Ultrasonic osteotomy devices (UODs) sites, the reconstructed X-ray images showed regenerated tissues protruding towards the bone defect space, and the defect was smaller than the corresponding one on the opposite (ROD) side. 3D bone morphometry showed a significant increase in bone volume (BV/TV) at UOD sites compared with rotary osteotomy devices (RODs) at 2 and 3 weeks
Ultrasonic microvibration-based bone cutting is proposed as a promising, precise system for various oral maxillofacial surgeries, including sinus lifts, bone-graft harvesting, osteogenic distraction, and dental extraction [1]
Summary
Several bone modulation technologies have been developed recently, such as electric, ultrasonic (piezoelectric), and laser devices. Operations using UODs are favoured for their easier perioperative management, a result of the small volume of blood loss, in temporomandibular joint reconstruction [3] and vertebral canal operations [4]; there is little occurrence of neuropathy in sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy [5]. Despite these attractive advantages, UODs have not been generally used in dental practice because they require a longer cutting time than ROD. Ma et al [8] did not observe distinct histological differences in the bone healing process between UODs and RODs
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