Abstract
A sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence assay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection based on signal amplification with gold nanoparticles (NPs) is reported in the present work. The sandwich system of CEA/anti-CEA/goat-anti-mouse IgG functionalized Au nanoparticles was used as the sensing platform. In order to improve detection sensitivity, a further gold enlargement step was developed based on the autocatalytic Au deposition of gold nanoprobes via the reduction of AuCl4− to Au0 on their surface in the presence of NH2OH·HCl. AuCl4−, which is a soluble product of gold nanoprobes, served as an analyte in the CL reaction for the indirect measurement of CEA. Under optimized conditions, the CL intensity of the system was linearly related to the logarithm of CEA concentration in the range of 100 pg·mL−1 to 1,000 ng·mL−1, with a detection limit of 20 pg·mL−1.
Highlights
The development of highly sensitive methods for detecting cancer biomarkers has great significance for predicting cancer in early stage in modern biochemical and biomedical research [1,2,3]
The CL intensity of the system was linearly related to the logarithm of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration in the range of 100 pg∙mL−1 to 1,000 ng∙mL−1, with a detection limit of 20 pg∙mL−1
The human CEA analyte is first immobilized on a 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate
Summary
The development of highly sensitive methods for detecting cancer biomarkers has great significance for predicting cancer in early stage in modern biochemical and biomedical research [1,2,3]. Sensors 2012, 12 circle amplification [4], avidin-biotin amplification [5], and exponential isothermal amplification [6] These approaches usually require extremely complex reagents and intensive protocols. Amplification of immunoassay signals by exploiting the properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for catalytic growth has emerged as a field attracting significant attention. Instead of silver staining, using gold salts for catalytic enlargement of AuNPs has solved these issues [9]. This alternative approach has been successfully exploited to develop the detection of IgG by the naked eye [10], target DNA by electrochemical means [11,12] and others [13,14,15]
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