Abstract
ABSTRACTTools that allow cost‐effective screening of the susceptibility of cell lines to operating conditions which may apply during full scale processing are central to the rapid development of robust processes for cell‐based therapies. In this paper, an ultra scale‐down (USD) device has been developed for the characterization of the response of a human cell line to membrane‐based processing, using just a small quantity of cells that is often all that is available at the early discovery stage. The cell line used to develop the measurements was a clinically relevant human fibroblast cell line. The impact was evaluated by cell damage on completion of membrane processing as assessed by trypan blue exclusion and release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Similar insight was gained from both methods and this allowed the extension of the use of the LDH measurements to examine cell damage as it occurs during processing by a combination of LDH appearance in the permeate and mass balancing of the overall operation. Transmission of LDH was investigated with time of operation and for the two disc speeds investigated (6,000 and 10,000 rpm or ϵ max ≈ 1.9 and 13.5 W mL−1, respectively). As expected, increased energy dissipation rate led to increased transmission as well as significant increases in rate and extent of cell damage. The method developed can be used to test the impact of varying operating conditions and cell lines on cell damage and morphological changes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1241–1251. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highlights
The cell-based therapy industry is rapidly growing and becoming increasingly important, having led to the emergence of several new products approved for clinical use and many more currently in clinical trials (Coopman and Medcalf, 2014)
Investigation of the impact of disc speed on cell damage confirmed that the decrease in the proportion of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) remaining in the ultra scaledown (USD) membrane separation device throughout processing was higher at high disc speed than at low disc ($30% compared to $8%)
Trypan blue exclusion method revealed a higher decrease in the population of viable cells at high disc speed than at low disc speed ($25% compared to no drop)
Summary
The cell-based therapy industry is rapidly growing and becoming increasingly important, having led to the emergence of several new products approved for clinical use and many more currently in clinical trials (Coopman and Medcalf, 2014). The production and subsequent bioprocessing of the cells is of utmost importance, as the product and process have become inseparable (Mason and Hoare, 2006). This is primarily because the end-products are defined by their respective manufacturing process. The exposure to a range of mechanical and physicochemical stresses during processing can cause internal adjustments in the cell. A major challenge to successful commercializing of cell-based therapies depends on the development of scalable manufacturing processes while maintaining potency, purity, and viability of the final live cell product (Carmen et al, 2012)
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