An ssDNA aptamer specific for detection and purification of hexahistidine-tagged proteins

Abstract

Aptamers are small-sized RNA or ssDNA ligands with a unique structure, which have high specificity and affinity to their cognate targets. Thus, in addition to the extensive values in various bio-medical fields, aptamers can also be alternatively used as affinity ligands in the bioprocess, such as for protein purification. In the present study, a hexahistidine specific aptamer named AptHis-C, was developed through the SELEX methodology, which has high affinity to hexahistidine, and its dissociation constant was as low as 20.8 nM. The structural prediction revealed that AptHis-C contains two connected stem-loop conformations. AptHis-C can only specifically recognize recombinant proteins with the hexahistidine-tag in simple or complex situations, and not to those with other tags. When immobilized on magnetic beads, AptHis-C can be used as a tool for hexahistidine-tagged recombinant protein purification. Its effectiveness is as good as traditional Ni-based beads. Besides, due to the intrinsic characteristics of nucleic acids, such as high thermal/chemical stability, immobilized aptamer-magnetic beads can be reused many times without an obvious decrease of purification effectiveness. This aptamer may represent a novel method for the detection and purification of hexahistidine-tagged recombinant proteins.