Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset chronic neurobehavioral disorder, with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Chronic inflammation may be critical for the progression of ADHD. An Shen Ding Zhi Ling (ASDZL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is clinically used in ADHD treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ASDZL in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a widely used model of ADHD. SHRs were divided into the SHR model group (vehicle), atomoxetine group (4.56 mg/kg/day) and ASDZL group (21.25 g/kg/day), and orally administered for four weeks. Wistar Kyoto rats were used as controls (vehicle). We found that ASDZL significantly controlled hyperactivity and impulsivity, and improved spatial memory of SHRs in the open field test and Morris water maze test. ASDZL reduced the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and increased anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in SHRs, and decreased the activation of microglia, astrocytes and mast cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Furthermore, the results indicated that ASDZL inhibited the neuroinflammatory response by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways of SHRs. In conclusion, these findings revealed that ASDZL attenuated ADHD symptoms in SHRs by reducing neuroinflammation.
Highlights
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1.4–3.0%
These three groups showed longer moving distance, longer time spent in central area and more rearing times compared with Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (Figures 2A–C)
After 4 weeks treatment, the ATX and An Shen Ding Zhi Ling (ASDZL) groups showed a significant decrease in moving distance, time spent in central area and rearing times compared with the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) (Figures 2A–C)
Summary
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1.4–3.0%. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity, which affect the full lifecycle (Thapar and Cooper, 2016). Similar to other psychiatric disorders, interest in ADHD has increased over the past several decades in response to research into its pathogenesis and treatment. Genetic and environmental factors are ASDZL Ameliorated ADHD via Anti-Inflammation considered risk factors for ADHD (Thapar et al, 2013). Studies in animal models have found that ADHD may be related to dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission (Russell, 2011). The exact biological mechanisms of ADHD are not yet fully elucidated, and there remain no neurobiological diagnostic markers
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
