An SBQ-R assessment of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults in North India

Education and learning hitherto has undergone huge changes from the kind of teaching provided to Gen Y . One major differentiator is the rise of technology and the spread of internet. It has moved ahead from the ‘analog’ methods to the ‘digital’ methods. The unprecedented Covid-19 crisis which swept across the globes causing loss of human lives and forced people to stay indoors accelerated the process of seeking education through online modes. Thus, learning a language in such an advanced ecosystem is one of the most crucial components in terms of education. In developing countries such as India where English (used as a second language) is learnt not merely to communicate but as a tool for empowerment, the methods used to acquire the language needs to be assessed , helping the quality of language learning especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The observations are based on various data collected using surveys etc during the lockdown imposed due to the COVID 19 pandemic in India.

Background: The National Crime Record Bureau and the Prison Statistics India, 2020 report on the overcrowding and occupancy in jails has ripple effect on the spread of the COVID-19.The protection to health freedoms of detainees and prisoners reflected in the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidance on COVID-19 for Prisons and Detention, 2020. The Indian jails have congestion and inhabitance and prone to contagion disease. The COVID-19 has an expanding transmission among detainees in prisons, jails and detention homes. Objectives: The WHO Guidance on COVID-19 for Prisons and Detention, 2020 standardizes the essential instrument to manage the COVID-19 difficulties in penitentiaries and confinement homes. The direction secures the strength of detainees and convicts living in encased conditions. The ostensible purpose is to contain the COVID-19 disease from spreading to general population and release the under trials for the safe healthy conditions. Methodology: The methodology applied the canons of statutory interpretation of United Nations Principles of the Protection of Prisoners, 1982 and Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners, 1990 alongside the Moscow Declaration on Prisons and Health, 2003 and Nelson Mandela Rules, 2015 in fostering the health equity and criminal justice during COVID-19 pandemic. The mandate of the WHO Interim Guidance on COVID-19 in Prisons and Other Places of Detention, 2020 is straight out in preventive and medicinal measures for the penitentiaries and confinement homes in the virus of COVID-19. Results: The paper tracks the salubrious results of the international legal norms and national precedents of High Courts and Supreme Court in heralding systemic prison reform. The compliance of WHO Interim Guidance on Preparedness, Prevention and Control of COVID-19 In Prisons and Other Places of Detention, 2020 cultivated robust criminal administration during COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in India. Conclusion: The judgment of High Courts and Supreme Court on prison reform during the COVID-19 pandemic in India has resulted in Health Rights of Prisoners and Prison Law Reforms during COVID-19 Pandemic in India. It also refurbished the medical services in correctional facilities and confinement homes in criminal justice system. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 893-900

COVID 19 pandemic is sweeping across the globe, causing adverse societal and economic consequences affecting mental health. Studies have documented increased prevalence of mental disorders including anxiety. Because of paucity of studies accessing mental disorders, we conducted a comparative study analyzing prevalence of anxiety among different professions using GAD-7 scale during COVID-19 pandemic in India. We conducted this study using completely voluntary anonymous GAD-7 Questionnaire by distributing hard copies and e-copies among > 20 years of age Indians, understanding English and willingness to participate after taking informed consent and ethical committee approval. Prevalence of anxiety among total study population of 4333 was 80.5% including 79.3% medical profession group, 85.1% business group, 79.8% teachers, 78.8% students and 82.4% non-medical profession group. Higher overall prevalence of mild anxiety was observed among all profession groups. Prevalence of mild anxiety was higher in male group and moderate anxiety in females and the difference was statistically highly significant. Results show significantly high prevalence of anxiety among all professions, gender and age groups in Indian population. Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has catastrophic effect on psychosocial and mental health. Our study analyzing prevalence of anxiety among different professions during COVID-19 pandemic in India found significantly high prevalence of anxiety among all professions, gender and age groups, necessitating increased focus on multilevel India specific mental health interventions and strategies for curbing and preventing mental health problems and need for further research.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the entire world. There has been great surge of mental health problems after the pandemic has started. The second wave has almost exhausted the Indian Health care system. There has also been cases of suicide due to COVID-19 infection. The objective of study was to highlight various factors involved in COVID-19 related suicide (CRS) during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. CRS reports on the websites of 10 popular newspapers and television news channels in North India and official government websites such as the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare were searched between February 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. We also searched the Medline and Google Scholar databases for CRS reports from India using the terms "corona", "COVID-19", "SARS CoV 2", "India", and "suicide" in various combinations. A total of 62 articles were included for the study. Most common mode of suicide was hanging and most common site was the deceased's home. Fear of infecting family members was the most common cause of CRS during second wave of the ongoing pandemic in India. Many individuals lost their lives to suicide due to COVID-19 pandemic. The media report does not provide the exact picture of community suicide. Proper physician counselling at the time of providing treatment can help in reducing few CRS.

Psychosis in a male due to Coronophobia-, psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in India

Across India, there have been multiple studies conducted to address the issues of the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study estimated the pooled prevalence of psychological morbidity among healthcare workers during the early phase of the COVID 19 pandemic in India. We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, and Google scholar for studies conducted from the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic until 25 September 2021. The methodological quality of each study was scored and outcome measures with uniform cut off scores as per various screening measurements were evaluated. According to the current meta analysis, the pooled estimates of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among Indian healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic are 20.1% (95% CI: 15.6 to 24.6%; n = 21 studies), 25.0% (95% CI: 18.4 to 31.6%; n = 20 studies), 36% (95% CI: 23.7 to 48.2%; n = 22 studies) and 18.9% (95% CI: 9.9 to 28.0%; n = 6 studies) respectively. In subgroup analyses, low quality studies based on the JBI checklist (Score < 3/9) and studies using DASS 21 showed a higher pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety. About 20–36% of the healthcare workers in India reported having depression, anxiety, and stress during the early phase of the COVID 19 pandemic. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the overall burden of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic in India necessitating appropriate intervention strategies to protect these frontline groups before the memory of the pandemic crisis starts to fade.

BackgroundBurnout, a state of physical and emotional exhaustion, in healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major concern. The prevalence of burnout, due to COVID-19 pandemic in India, is unknown. We therefore conducted this survey.Materials and methodsA questionnaire-based survey using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was carried out among HCWs looking after COVID-19 patients. Questionnaire was sent to the HCWs, using WhatsApp Messenger, and voluntary participation was sought. We received responses from 2026 HCWs. Burnout was assessed in personal, work, and client-related (COVID-19 pandemic-related) domains. Burnout was defined at a cut-off score of 50 for each domain.ResultsThe prevalence of personal burnout was 44.6% (903), work-related burn-out was only 26.9% (544), while greater than half of the respondents (1,069, 52.8%) had pandemic-related burnout. Younger respondents (21–30 years) had higher personal and work-related burnout. The prevalence of personal and work-related burnout was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among females. The doctors were 1.64 times, and the support staff were 5 times more likely to experience pandemic-related burnout.ConclusionThere is a significant prevalence of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs, in particular, doctors and support staff. Female respondents had higher prevalence. We suggest that the management should be proactive and supportive in improving working conditions and providing assurance to the HCWs. The long-term effects of the current pandemic need to be assessed later.How to cite this articleKhasne RW, Dhakulkar BS, Mahajan HC, Kulkarni AP. Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):664–671.

Suicidal behaviors are a significant concern in Latin American countries. However, validated scales in Brazil do not address all behaviors on the suicide spectrum. We aimed to adapt the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) for Brazil. The SBQ-R was independently translated, back-translated, and evaluated by experts—two thousand eight hundred ninety-eight participants (68.30% women; M = 27.42; A = 18–69) from Brazil. The SBQ-R items presented adequate reliability (ω = .86). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct validity (χ2(df) = 52.707(2), p<.001; CFI = .997; TLI = .992; RMSEA = .052; SRMR = .024). Multigroup CFA indicated that the SBQ-R is invariant for gender, sexual orientation, race, and education level. The SBQ-R has convergent validity for depression (r = 0.61), anxiety (r = 0.49), stress (r = 0.49), impulsivity (r = 0.40), hopelessness (r = 0.60) and divergent validity, with gender and sexual minorities showing higher levels of suicidal behaviors. The Brazilian SBQ-R is designated for use by Brazilian adults. Future studies must investigate the predictive validity of the SBQ-R in clinical samples.

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a very high percentage of senior deaths in India. Senior citizens constitute about 10% of total population while 73% of deaths during COVID-19 pandemic in India have been of people with co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, heart and respiratory diseases. Amidst this pandemic, the senior housing market is poised for exponential growth despite a low market share as well as slow sales. To inquire as to which factors influence the seniors for not buying into exclusive senior housing communities and whether the decision varies among ages as well as genders; a questionnaire survey was conducted pre-COVID-19 using sales leads of 143 senior respondents from five cities; Delhi, Lavasa, Chennai, Pune and Ahmedabad. These data were tested using binary probit regression models for age and gender. The survey required the respondents to rate decision factors which included; amenities, location, social isolation, wealth, family, urban connect, new relationships, inheritance and moral values - on Likert scale of 1 to 9. The tested model for gender shows that males are dependent on factors of location of the project and fear isolation as compared to females. Males also rated new acquaintances as a discouraging factor as compared to females. The age model shows that older seniors (aged 66-75) do not wish to move to an exclusive senior citizen homes due to factors of distance, fear of social isolation and attachment to urban elements as compared to younger seniors (aged 55-65). An attempt is made to use the results arising from these models to predict the future of senior housing market post-COVID-19 pandemic in India. By integrating new factors such as social distancing, personal hygiene and recreational activities, the existing models can be used to forecast post-COVID-19 senior housing markets in India.

The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the most ubiquitous disasters in the history of mankind. The ferocity of the Covid-19 pandemic during 2020–2021 with the increased rate of 4.12 lakh cases to the deaths of 3,971 people a day jolted the whole nation (The Hindu: 2021). The situation worsened when the nation moved to national lockdown during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in India. This national lockdown was imposed with the motive of security and safety of the citizens; however, it has raised other problems including Covid-19. The lockdown during Covid-19 has not only increased the economic burden on individuals but also impacted the lives of common people at large. However, within the Covid-19 pandemic population, it is women who worldwide suffer the most. Women are the most vulnerable section of society and hence profoundly pretentious by the pandemic. During the lockdown, cases of domestic violence increased around the world, and therefore the United Nations declared it the “shadow pandemic” of the coronavirus-19 pandemic. According to the United Nations report, One in three women worldwide experienced physical or sexual violence mostly by their intimate partners. And since the breakout of Covid-19, the data and reports have shown that all types of violence against women and girls, particularly domestic violence, have intensified (UN: 2020). The present chapter will focus on domestic violence and its impact on women during Covid-19 pandemic. The sample size which was selected for the study was 15 in numbers; however, due to coronavirus pandemic, only five women responded which make possible a close involvement and a rigorous investigation by the researcher. The sample size was selected based on the random purposive sampling method. This chapter will be based on the primary data in the form of interviews and content analysis of the available secondary data. Access to counseling services online or offline was not available for survivors; no accommodation services were provided to the survivors; no financial assistance was provided to the survivors of domestic abuse during the pandemic; there was no sensitivity of police toward such victims; etc. Covid-19 pandemic was a global crisis and a test of the vulnerable. Crime against women and children increased during the pandemic. This needs the attention of all executives, the legislature, and the judiciary to pay immediate consideration to domestic violence during the pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of attending worship services on the mental health of young adults in mainstream churches in Imenti North, Meru County, Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population was 3,745 young adults and 106 pastors/Rev/fathers from 13 mainstream churches in Imenti North Sub County. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The questionnaire results revealed that the majority of respondents (96 or 27%, and 107 or 31%) strongly agreed or agreed, with a mean of 4.24, that attending worship services helped them become more optimistic in life. Additionally, 121 (35%) strongly agreed, and 89 (26%) agreed, with a mean of 4.04, that their self-esteem developed through opportunities to express their talents in the church. However, 112 (32%) strongly disagreed, and 100 (28%) disagreed, with a mean of 2.37, about attending counseling sessions or listening to sermons that had positively affected their emotional stability. The correlation coefficient was found to be r = 0.680 at α &lt; 0.022, with a significance level of 99%. Since the correlation coefficient was less than 1 and the p-value was less than 0.05, the null hypothesis was rejected. Interview results indicated that attending worship services facilitated positive changes in young adults' lives, including spiritual growth and expanded thinking. Moreover, attending worship services helped young adults cope with mental health issues related to childhood trauma, providing exposure to counseling and God's love. The frequency of attending worship services was a significant factor in the mental health and well-being of young adults, promoting optimism and personal growth. However, there were challenges in engaging young adults with certain programs, such as sermons, which may not have been relevant or appealing to them. The recommendation for attending worship services is that churches should engage young adults more in worship services, offering tailored programs or concurrent services that specifically address their spiritual and mental health needs.

IDF21-0186 Real-world effectiveness of Diabefly digital therapeutics program for glycemic control during COVID-19 pandemic in India

Single-parent families have been experiencing a significant increase on a global scale in recent times, understanding the potential effects on the psychological development of young adults has become increasingly important. This study compares and analyses the impact of single parenting on the mental health and well-being of young adults, contrasting it with the outcomes observed in two-parent households. Drawing on a comprehensive review of empirical studies and scholarly literature, this analysis underscores the psychological dimensions that highly influences the mental health of young adults raised in single-parent households. Factors such as parental involvement, economic stability, family structure, and social support networks are examined in relation to their influence on the outcomes of single-parent families. The findings suggest that young adults raised in single-parent households may experience unique challenges that can impact their mental health. The absence of one parent in their daily lives may lead to feelings of abandonment, identity confusion, and emotional stress. Comparatively, young adults from two-parent households generally exhibit higher levels of psychological well-being due to the presence of two parental figures, potentially providing increased emotional support and guidance. However, it is essential to note that the effects of single parenting on young adults’ mental health are not uniformly negative. Factors such as the quality of the parent and child relationship, support from extended family members, and community resources can serve as protective factors and mitigate some of the challenges that are faced by single-parent led families. This analysis underscores the need for appropriate interventions and support systems to address the specific mental health needs of young adults raised in single-parent households. By recognizing the unique circumstances and challenges faced by these individuals, policy makers, educators, and mental health professionals can develop strategies to foster resilience and well-being among this population.

The Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) are widely used psychological instruments for assessing people‘s suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R. We analysed data collected from four samples: a Lithuanian general population quota sample based on age, gender and place of residence (N = 697, 52.9% women, aged 18–79 years); a sample of students (N = 2013, 72 % women, aged 18–29 years); a clinical sample of suicidal patients (N = 35, 77.1% women, aged 18–59 years); and a test-retest sample of students who completed the instruments twice within a two-week period (N = 54, 70.4% women, aged 18–47 years). The participants answered questions on gender, and age and completed the SIDAS and SBQ-R. The data analysis revealed that the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R have good internal consistency, temporal stability, construct, convergent, and criterion validity. The Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R can be used to measure suicidality in research settings, as well as in clinical work as auxiliary tools.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on the economies and societies of countries worldwide. In India, debt levels among individuals have risen due to job losses, reduced income, financial loss and the burden of COVID-19 treatment. This paper has examined the relationship between debt and despair which turns into suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Researcher applied 'stress theory' to explore various factors which increased stress and despair during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in India. This paper is a qualitative study and has applied content analysis as a method and has collected 75 cases of COVID-19-related debt and suicide between March 2020 and December 2022, including reports from government agencies, academic articles, media coverage, etc. Finding of this study reveals that during COVID-19 in India many people committed suicide due to job losses, reduced income, financial loss and COVID-19 treatment which increased debt among them.