Abstract
This study investigated a facile one-pot synthesis procedure of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) and laccase immobilization for use in the biodegradation of an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The as-synthesized Lac-ZIF’s characterization results revealed preserved crystallinity of the ZIF particles and lightly enzyme-coated decahedral particles. The immobilized laccase demonstrated enhanced temperature and storage stabilities for up to 65 ℃ and 20 d, respectively, for the DMP removal. While a reduced maximum velocity (Vmax) after the laccase immobilization (0.651–0.238 mg L−1 h−1) was observed, the Lac-ZIF presented a higher DMP removal efficiency (90.1%) compared to the free laccase (53.2%) within 4 h of contact time. Additionally, after 5 cycles of reuse, the Lac-ZIF retained a remarkable 95.2% efficiency and improved effectiveness in DMP decontamination from river water samples than the free laccase. Furthermore, the resulting DMP degradation metabolites were studied and revealed the production of relatively less toxic compounds after probable complete microbial mineralization. The study, therefore, demonstrates that Lac-ZIF has an admirable performance in the effective removal of phthalates from wastewater, making it a promising candidate for environmental remediation.
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