An Oxazine-Based Fluorogenic Probe with Changeable π-Conjugation to Eliminate False-Positive Interference of Albumin and Its Application to Sensing Aminopeptidase N.

Abstract

Many fluorophores/probes suffer from the interference of albumin in biosystems. Herein, we propose an effective strategy to overcome this interference by virtue of both an albumin-insensitive fluorophore and its changeable π-conjugation, and demonstrate the strategy by designing an oxazine-based fluorogenic probe for aminopeptidase N (APN). The modification on the N atom in the oxazine fluorophore with alanine through a cleavable linker locks the resulting probe in a non-conjugated, colorless and non-fluorescent state, so the non-specific interaction of albumin produces no spectroscopic response. APN can selectively cleave the alanine moiety, restoring the large π-conjugation and strong fluorescence. The capability of the probe to eliminate the albumin influence has been demonstrated by imaging APN in different cell lines, and by quantitatively determining APN in human serum and mouse urine. The present strategy may be useful for developing more specific fluorogenic probes for other enzymes.