An Overview on Opponent Modeling in RoboCup Soccer Simulation 2D

Abstract

This paper reviews the proposed opponent modeling algorithms within the soccer simulation domain. RoboCup soccer simulation 2D is a rich multi agent environment where opponent modeling plays a crucial role. In multi agent systems with adversarial and cooperative agents, team agents should be adapted to the current environment and opponent in order to propose appropriate and effective counteractions. Predicting the opponent's future behaviors during competition allows for more informed decisions. We divide opponent modeling into two categories of individual agent behaviors and team behaviors. Individual behaviors concern modeling the low-level behaviors of individual opponent agents, however in team behaviors, the high-level strategy of the entire team like formation, offensive and defensive system, is recognized. Several methods have been proposed to create different models of opponents to improve the performance of teams in an essential aspect. In this paper, we review the approaches to the problem of opponent modeling published from 2000 to 2010.