An Overview on Chemical Features and Metabolism of Synthetic and Natural Product-Based Medicine for Combating COVID-19

Abstract

This review article covers the proposed synthetic and natural medicines, and their contribution in aspects of chemistry and metabolism for the management of COVID-19, which is still lacking in many published current studies. Most of the current studies were focused on physiology, epidemiology, and management of COVID-19. However, only a few of such studies mainly focussed on the chemistry of medicine in the management of the disease. In this contest, both natural and synthetic medicines, their synthesis and metabolism are highlighted in the current article. Currently, the entire world is struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic that has disturbed every aspect of life, caused by a newly discovered virus strain named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak continues to evolve, several research activities have been continuously carried out for understanding the origin, functions, treatments, and preventions of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infections such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1. There a lot of lines of treatment are being used all over the world but still, the perfect line of treatment for COVID-19 is not available. Various kinds of antiviral, anti-malarial, ACE inhibitors, and immunosuppressant drugs are being trialled worldwide for the management of COVID-19. A synthetic drug such as antimalarial drug (Hydroxychloroquine\Chloroquine), antiviral drug (Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Oseltamivir, EIDD-1931, Lopinavir, and Ritonavir), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin-receptor blockers (Captopril and Losartan), and immunosuppressant/arthritic drugs (Actemra, Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, and Kevzara) for the management therapy for COVID-19 herewith complied to describe the chemical features and proposed metabolism process. Further, both chemistry and metabolism of proposed natural drug therapy such as quercetin, patchouli alcohol, baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and andrographolide for the management of COVID-19 infection are also included.