Abstract
Calcium phosphate materials have been widely used as bone substitute due to its good osteointegration. To improve their osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties several element-substitutions in the calcium phosphate matrices have been explored. In the present work, an overview of biological effects of some substitutions in calcium phosphates is done based on an extensive literature revision. Incorporation of elements such as magnesium, fluoride, manganese, zinc, silicon and strontium enhance the bone induction and conduction of calcium phosphate materials. However, this behavior cannot be attributed only to the elements release. The analyzed literature indicated that element substitutions in low concentrations increase the solubility of the calcium phosphate matrices, increasing their bioactivity. Doped materials result osteoinductive and osteoconductive.
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