Abstract
As one of the province with the most abundant bio-diversity in China, Yunnan is also one of the most-concerned region in the world which is famous for its bio-diversity. The wild edible fungi resources in Yunnan are extremely rich and diverse, which account for nearly 40.7% of the world’s known resources and 90% of China’s known resource respectively. Serving as one important type of forest understory resource and product, the wild edible fungi has a large market due to its unique flavor, texture or special health care function. Therefore, sustainable utilization of the wild edible fungi resource is of paramount importance to develop the rural livelihood and furthermore conserve forest and animal resources in Yunnan. Integrating a large number of previous researches, this paper has summarized the current situations of edible fungi resources as well as the existing problems on production, food, medicine utilization, processing, trade and resource conservation inYunnan. Data showed that the wild edible fungi resources are playing extremely important roles on the peasant household incomes in the vast mountainous areas in Yunnan. For example, the fungi collection incomes can account for 50% to 80% of the household income in Xishuangbanna. However, the wild edible fungi resources are facing the problems of the reductions in resource types and quantities, unclear ownership, improper collection and conservation measures, unscientific management as well as other outstanding issues. The author point out that it is quite essential to clear the ownership, implement the community-based conservation strategies as well as to strengthen the researches on the scientific collection, conservation and breeding technologies in order to solve the problems in the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of the wild edible fungi resources in the future.
Highlights
As one of the province with the most abundant bio-diversity in China, the rare species number in Yunnan have account for nearly 67.5% in China, ranking the first in the whole country, which is one of the mostconcerned region in the world famous for its bio-diversity
The development, utilization and conservation of wild edible fungi resources in Yunnan are faced with many technical problems
The government departments involved in the conservation of wild edible fungi resources in Yunnan are mainly the Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Forestry Department while the unified deployment and coordination between different are absent in the practical works
Summary
As one of the province with the most abundant bio-diversity in China, the rare species number in Yunnan have account for nearly 67.5% in China, ranking the first in the whole country, which is one of the mostconcerned region in the world famous for its bio-diversity. Protecting forests or conserving bio-diversities are discovered to be in conflicts with the community economic developments in most cases. Seeking for the sustainable development approaches of the environmental as well as the climate-friendly rural economy are critical strategies for the conservation of forests and bio-diversities. Yunnan is abundant in the edible fungi resources, whose known wild edible fungi species can account for nearly 44.1% of the world and the resource storage capacity can reach 0.5 million tons/year (Yu, 2002). How to make good use of the edible fungi in a sustainable approach and to raise the economic incomes of the peasant households in rural communities have become one of the critical measures to protect the forests as well as the bio-diversities in the vast rural areas of Yunnan. The strategies of the sustainable utilization and effective conservation for the wild edible fungi have been discussed in this paper in order to provide effective references for the sustainable utilization and conservation of the wild edible fungi resource as well as to provide lessons for the conflict coordination between the community economic development and forest’s bio-diversity conservation
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