An overview of the use of nanozymes in antibacterial applications

Abstract

• Recent advances of antibacterial nanozymes are overviewed. • The antibacterial mechanisms and influencing factors regarding the antibacterial activities of nanozymes are given. • Various types of nanozymes for antibacterial, anti-biofilms, and biofouling are summarized. • The biosafety profiles of antibacterial nanozymes are analyzed. • Current challenges in the clinical translation process and future perspectives of antibacterial nanozymes are discussed. Topics of bacterial resistance have attracted remarkable scientific interests. Bacterial infection-related diseases are major public safety issues that lead to millions of deaths annually. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel, high efficiency, and bacteria-binding antibacterial agents. As far as now, the emergence of nanozymes has been presented as promising candidates to combat bacteria. Combining the advantages of nanomaterials and natural enzymes, such nanozymes are generally low cost, good stability, controllable size, easy-of-preparation, multifunctionality, and superior catalytic activity. As the potent antibacterial agents, nanozymes possess satisfying broad-spectrum antibacterial abilities and biocompatibility. Herein, we timely summarize the recent research progress of different kinds of nanozyme-based antibacterial agents. Additionally, the relevant antibacterial mechanisms of nanozymes and the roles of physicochemical properties, external stimuli, and surface modifications on their catalytic performances and biosafety are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and the future perspectives are covered to stimulate new strategies and more effective nanozyme-based antibacterial agents for preclinical translations.