An overview of the role of monoamine oxidase-B in Parkinson’s disease: implications for neurodegeneration and therapy

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both non-motor and motor symptoms, due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are essential in the treatment of PD, as they increase dopamine levels and could potentially slow down the progression of the disease. MAO-B inhibitors block the ability of the enzyme to degrade dopamine in the brain. MAO-B inhibitors work by inhibiting this enzyme, which raises dopamine levels and helps reduce motor symptoms, such as akinesia and stiffness in the muscles. In addition to their impact on dopamine levels, MAO-B inhibitors may possess neuroprotective properties. Research indicates that these inhibitors can shield neurons from the harmful byproducts of dopamine breakdown, such as dihydroxy acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. This neuroprotective effect could potentially slow the progression of PD and protect against neuronal damage. MAO-B inhibitors are effective in treating both advanced and early stages of PD. They are recommended as initial treatments for individuals with early PD and can also be used as supplementary therapy in advanced PD to assist in managing motor complications. Additionally, MAO-B inhibitors have shown promise for the treatment of non-motor symptoms of PD, such as fatigue and sleep disturbances. MAO-B inhibitors are an important class of drugs for the treatment of PD, offering both symptomatic relief and potential disease-modifying effects. The goal of ongoing research and development of MAO-B inhibitors is to enhance their safety and selectivity profiles, which could lead to improved treatment approaches for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.