Abstract
Recently, hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a superior energy carrier that has the potential to replace fossil fuel. However, storing H2 under safe and operable conditions is still a challenging process due to the current commercial method, i.e., H2 storage in a pressurised and liquified state, which requires extremely high pressure and extremely low temperature. To solve this problem, research on solid-state H2 storage materials is being actively conducted. Among the solid-state H2 storage materials, borohydride is a potential candidate for H2 storage owing to its high gravimetric capacity (majority borohydride materials release >10 wt% of H2). Mg(BH4)2, which is included in the borohydride family, shows promise as a good H2 storage material owing to its high gravimetric capacity (14.9 wt%). However, its practical application is hindered by high thermal decomposition temperature (above 300 °C), slow sorption kinetics and poor reversibility. Currently, the general research on the use of additives to enhance the H2 storage performance of Mg(BH4)2 is still under investigation. This article reviews the latest research on additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 and its impact on the H2 storage performance. The future prospect and challenges in the development of additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 are also discussed in this review paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review paper that focuses on the additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 for solid-state H2 storage.
Highlights
Two other desorption steps can be observed in sample Mg(BH4 )2 + LiAlH4, which may cause the decomposition of LiAlH4 to start at approximately 140 ◦ C, which is 30 ◦ C below the decomposition temperature of pure LiAlH4
The results indicated that the addition of NbF5 changed the dehydrogenation pathway of Mg(BH4 )2 and two new species (MgF2 and NbB2 ) that formed in situ during the dehydrogenation process
This review provides the latest developments in additive-enhanced Mg(BH4 )2 for solidstate H2 storage material
Summary
The rapid increase in energy consumption worldwide has already raised questions with regard to production issues, energy resource scarcity and serious environmental effects (ozone depletion, global warming, climate change, etc.) [1]. They are not expected to last long. It is expected that oil supply in the future will eventually peak and drop with the depletion of these reserves. Due to the productive relationship between clean energy and sustainable growth, renewable energy is often considered to be one of the most reliable solutions. One of the most crucial aspects is the need to provide a completely sustainable energy [4,5,6] to reduce the world’s dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuel
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