An Overview of the Electrospinning of Polymeric Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications Related to Drug Delivery

Abstract

Electrospinning is a prominent technique for micro/nanofiber production and has received significant attention in the 21st century. It enables the production of ultrafine fibers using a variety of polymers, including synthetic, natural, and hybrid materials. Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) possess unique properties such as a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, tunable pore structures, and customizable composition, making them highly desirable in various fields such as biomedical science, textiles, sensors, filters, energy, and packaging. Herein, particular attention will be given to the application of NFs in biomedical fields. The use of NFs for the delivery of drugs, growth factors, proteins, nanoparticles, etc., holds significant promise in the field of biomedical science. To combine these compounds with NFs, various electrospinning techniques have been developed with outstanding improvements, and based on the requirements of the application type, different electrospinning processes are favored. In this review, the most common drug loading methods into NFs, generally used synthetic/natural polymers for NF production, and their application in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound dressing will be mentioned. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for above mentioned biomedical applications are discussed.