Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the objects of close attention and rapid progress due to the fact that once first quantum computers are available – classical cryptography systems will become partially or completely insecure. The potential threat to today’s information security cannot be neglected, and efficient quantum computing algorithms already exist. Quantum cryptography brings a completely new level of security and is based on quantum physics principles, comparing with the classical systems that rely on hard mathematical problems. The aim of the article is to overview QKD and the most conspicuous and prominent QKD protocols, their workflow and security basement. The article covers 17 QKD protocols and each introduces novel ideas for further QKD system improvement.
Highlights
Current cryptography security relies on hard mathematical problems impossible to break nowadays on classical computer (CC) within a polynomial time
BB84 is the first Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that has become the basis of many further QKDs and nowadays a variety of protocols are based on it
In DV-QKD protocols, it is required that Bob randomly switches measurement basis
Summary
Current cryptography security relies on hard mathematical problems impossible to break nowadays on classical computer (CC) within a polynomial time. Public-key cryptography relies on the mathematical assumption that prime factorization is impossible to be solved by CC, due to computational power limitation and/or lack of efficient algorithm for solving a factorization problem. There is an efficient factorization algorithm on a QC [1]. This suggests that as soon as the first large-scale quantum computer switches on, most of today’s crypto-graphic systems could collapse overnight [2]. The most prominent quantum key distribution protocols are explained, and comparative summary is prepared. The present paper covers the proved QC algorithms that will expose CC cryptography (Section 2).
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