Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is damage of the heart valves due to acute rheumatic fever (ARF) which results from the body’s autoimmune response to Streptococcus pyogenes....
Highlights
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is damage of the heart valves due to acute rheumatic fever (ARF) which results from the body’s autoimmune response to Streptococcus pyogenes infection which is a throat infection
Molecular mimicry in ARF occurs due to the alpha-helical protein structures found in M protein and N-acetyl-beta-Dglucosamine which is the carbohydrate antigen of S. pyogenes cross react with cardiac myosin, myocardium and valves
Mitral valve that are scarred or damaged by RHD produces an alteration in the endothelial cells which in results increase the susceptibility for the colonization of the circulating bacteria on the surface of heart valve [11]
Summary
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is damage of the heart valves due to acute rheumatic fever (ARF) which results from the body’s autoimmune response to Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus bacteria) infection which is a throat infection. Autoimmune reactions in ARF and RHD are caused by molecular mimicry between Streptococcus pyogenes antigens and human proteins which is a type II hypersensitivity [3].
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