An overview of juvenile ossifying fibroma

Abstract

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a cancerous bone condition that mainly affects the facial bones, particularly the jaw and upper jaw. This review article provides an overview of JOF, covering its signs, difficulties in diagnosis, radiographic characteristics, histopathological features, and current treatment strategies. The exact cause of JOF is still uncertain, leading to debates about whether it originates from a tumor growth, abnormal development, or reactive response. The way JOF presents clinically can vary greatly, emphasizing the importance of an approach when evaluating patients with facial swellings. Radiographically, JOF appears as a defined area of bone with varying degrees of mineralization. Clinical and histopathological findings must be combined with the results to diagnose this condition accurately. Histopathologically, JOF is characterized by increased tissue and mineralized components that create a two-phase pattern. Surgical treatment options range from removing the affected area to complete resection; however, achieving surgical margins can be challenging and may lead to recurrence due to its ability to infiltrate surrounding tissues. Reconstruction using either bone grafts or artificial materials is necessary for lesions caused by JOF. Long-term follow-up that includes imaging techniques is crucial due to the likelihood of recurrence in JOF cases. Various factors, such as the extent of removal and the aggressiveness of the lesion, influence recurrence rates. Highlight the complexity involved in managing JOF—emerging developments in procedures and understanding at the level offer promising possibilities for focused treatments. A comprehensive approach to managing JOF includes collaboration between healthcare experts, educating patients, and providing support. It is essential to continue research endeavors and promote data sharing to unravel the complexities surrounding JOF, improve precision and treatment approaches, and enhance well-being.