Abstract
This review tends to obtain a deeper understanding of the methods used in household energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran. Issues relating to energy consumption and CO2 emissions are very complex. This complexity arises from the fact that energy demand and energy consumption in Iran are influenced by many factors, such as income, household size, age, and gender. In Iran, the relevant energy sources mostly include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, which are used for different sectors, such as transportation, industry, and residential. This overview looks at both the theories and empirical studies of household energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran. Since energy consumption typically results in air pollution, it is often used as an indicator of environmental degradation. Although Iran is recently faced to energy efficiency improvement from all sectors, household energy requirements have been significantly increased. In Iran, a prime motivator had been improving living standards. As Iran gradually turns into a consumer society, households have an enormous influence on the direct use of energy and related CO2 emissions as well as through indirect use, as embodied in goods and services. The findings of this study can help policymakers to focus on renewable energy projects in order to reduce energy consumption and mitigate CO2 emissions.
Highlights
Energy consumption and related carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions are complex issues at different countries because various factors influence energy supply, energy demand, and energy consumption on a global or local scale [1]
An attempt has been made in this study to review relevant literatures on household energy consumption and related CO2 emissions in Iran with the view to establishing the gap that exists
Most studies of household energy consumption in Iran focus on direct energy consumption factors such as the transition of the fuel mix and changes in end-use structures
Summary
Energy consumption and related carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions are complex issues at different countries because various factors influence energy supply, energy demand, and energy consumption on a global or local scale [1]. Due to easy access to the energy sources in Iran, a considerable amount of these resources are consumed by different sectors of Iranian society [16] In this regard, the rate of energy consumption and CO2 emission in Iran has been increased by 6.2 and 6.1 times, respectively, in the last six decades [17]. In the context of climate change and the attendant global warming resulting from the unsustainable consumption pattern of humans especially city dwellers, attention is focused on lifestyles and attitude of people with regard to energy consumption and CO2 emissions In this regard, this overview examines households’ energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran towards energy conservation pattern from households for meeting their energy needs. It is hoped that knowledge about the existing consumption across the household sector will help policymakers in formulating policies that will enhance sustainable energy supply and consumption in the country
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