Abstract
Distribution networks are evolving to become more responsive with increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and digital transformation at the grid edges. This evolution imposes many challenges to the operation of the network, which then calls for new control and operation paradigms. Among others, a so-called grid-edge control is emerging to harmonise the coexistence of the grid control system and DER’s autonomous control. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the grid-edge control with various control architectures, layers, and strategies. The challenges and opportunities for such an approach at the grid edge with the integration of DERs and digital transformation are summarised. The potential solutions to support the network operation by using the inherent controllability of DER and the availability of the digital transformation at the grid edges are discussed.
Highlights
The energy transition is undergoing in all levels of the electricity grid with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), especially wind and solar photovoltaic (PV)
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the grid-edge control, i.e. control of distributed energy resources (DERs), which leverages various data resources from the digital transformation at the grid edges
A comprehensive overview of the grid-edge control, i.e. the control of DERs leveraged by the digital transformation at the grid edges, is presented in this paper
Summary
The energy transition is undergoing in all levels of the electricity grid with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), especially wind and solar photovoltaic (PV). DERs are capable of reshaping their generation, i.e. RES and energy storage systems (ESS), and consumption patterns, i.e. EVs and flexible loads, providing flexibility services for the grid operation Despite all of these improvements, massive integration of DERs in low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) grids has adverse impacts on the network operation and power quality. The adoption of the digital transformation along with the inherent controllability of DERs, if properly managed, is expected to maximise the cost-effectiveness of incorporating DERs into the grid while maintaining or increasing system stability and reliability In this respect, managing the network requires a new paradigm of DERs’ control strategies, whose overview is presented in this paper. Discussions on future trends with grid-edge control is presented
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