Abstract
The remarkable properties of shape memory alloys have facilitated their applications in many areas of technology. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of thermomechanical behavior of these alloys, discussing the main constitutive models for their mathematical description. Metallurgical features and engineering applications are addressed as an introduction. Afterwards, five phenomenological theories are presented. In general, these models capture the general thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloys, characterized by pseudoelasticity, shape memory effect, phase transformation phenomenon due to temperature variation, and internal subloops due to incomplete phase transformations.
Highlights
The interest on intelligent materials has grown in the last decades due to their remarkable properties
The main phenomena related to these alloys are pseudoelasticity, shape memory effect, which may be one-way (SME) or two-way (TWSME), and phase transformation due to temperature variation
Experimental studies reveal that during the cooling process, there is an intermediate rhomboedral phase between martensite and austenite called R-phase, according to the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermogram presented in Figure 2.1 (Shaw and Kyriakides [67])
Summary
The interest on intelligent materials has grown in the last decades due to their remarkable properties. This class of materials, usually applied as sensors and actuators in the socalled intelligent structures, has the ability of changing its shape, stiffness, among other properties, through the imposition of electrical, electric-magnetic, temperature, or stress fields. The most used materials on intelligent structures applications are the shape memory alloys, the piezoelectric ceramics, the magnetostrictive materials, and the electro- and magnetorheological fluids. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metallic alloys that are able to recover their original shape (or to develop large reaction forces when they have their recovery restricted) through the imposition of a temperature and/or a stress field, due to phase transformations the material undergoes.
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