An Overview of Bioinformatics and its Application: A Ray of Hope towards Microbial Biotechnology

Abstract

A new era in the analysis of biological data has been sparked by the revolutionary development in processing speed and memory capacity. With the sequencing of hundreds of microbial and numerous eukaryotic genomes—including a clearer draft of the human genome—better control over microbes is anticipated. The objectives are very high and include the creation of sensible medications and antimicrobial agents, the creation of novel, improved bacterial strains for bioremediation and pollution control, the creation of more effective vaccines that are simple to administer, the creation of protein biomarkers for a variety of bacterial diseases, and a deeper comprehension of the interactions between hosts and bacteria to prevent bacterial infections. Bioinformatics research currently being conducted on the basis of Genomics, Proteomics, cell visualization and application to the development of drugs and antimicrobial agents. The main contributions of bioinformatics research include automated genome sequencing, automated development of integrated genomics and proteomics databases, automated genome comparisons to determine the function of the genome, automated metabolic pathway derivation, automated gene expression analysis to determine regulatory pathways, automated statistical technique development, data mining and clustering techniques to determine protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, modeling of 3D protein structure and 3D docking between proteins and biochemicals for rational drug design, and analysis of differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains to identify candidate genes for vaccines and anti-microbial agents.