Abstract
Citrus species are one of the world’s popular fruit crops, cultivated all over the world for their economic and nutritional values. Citrus, like other fruits and vegetables, are an important source of several antioxidant molecules (polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids) that can inhibit the harmful effects of free radicals on the human body; due to their functional values and health-promoting properties, Citrus species are considered valuable fruits not only in agri-food industry, but also in pharmaceutical industry. Flavonoids are among the major constituents of polyphenols found in different parts of Citrus fruits (skin, peels, seed, pulp membrane, and juice). Flavonoids have different biological properties (antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activities). Several studies have also shown the health-related properties of Citrus flavonoids, especially antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and cardiovascular protection activities. In the present review, attempts are made to discuss the current trends of research on flavonoids in different Citrus species.
Highlights
Flavonoids are an important class of natural products; they belong to polyphenol compounds and are synthesized by plants via primary or secondary metabolisms that protect against short-term or long-term threats and play a major function in plant development and reproduction [12]
Biosynthesis of Flavonoids flavonoid pathway is preceded by the general phenylpropanoid pathway, in which three enzymes are involved in the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to Biosynthesis of Flavonoids which three enzymes are involved in the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine toin
Even though our review concentrated on flavonoids in Citrus species, their biosynthesis, classification, and therapeutic activities, conventional and non-conventional techniques were discussed throughout this review
Summary
Https: Citrus genus is one of the world’s leading fruit crops cultivated for food processing as well as fresh juice production. The genus Citrus belongs to the family Rutaceae, containing several species such as orange types, sweet and sour oranges, lemon, tangerines (mandarins), and tangors. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main classes of phenolic compounds found in Citrus fruits [2]. Citrus flavonoid contents and profiles vary significantly from one species to another [4]. Citrus peel, which represents between 50% and 65% of the total weight of the fruits, is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including natural antioxidants such as flavonoids [5]. We attempt to summarize data from the scientific literature and present values on the flavonoids in some Citrus species and their health-promoting properties.
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